在挡土墙横断面中，与被支承土体直接接触的部位称为墙背；与墙背相对的临空的部位称为墙面；与地基直接接触的部位称为基底；与基底相对的、墙的顶面称为墙顶；基底的前端称为墙趾；基底的后端称为墙踵。
In the cross-section of retaining wall, the part directly contacted with the supported soil is called the back of the wall; the empty part opposite the back of the wall is called the wall; the part directly contacted with the foundation is called the base; the top of the wall opposite to the base is called the top of the wall; the front end of the base is called the toe of the wall; and the back end of the base is called the heel of the wall.
1、墙身构造
1. Wall Structure
1）墙背
1) back of the wall
仰斜墙背适用于路堑墙及墙趾处地面平坦的路肩墙或者是路堤墙，仰斜墙背的坡度不宜缓于1:0.3，通常在1:0.15~1:0.25。
The back of the inclined wall is suitable for the shoulder wall or embankment wall with flat ground at the cutting wall and the toe of the wall. The slope of the back of the inclined wall should not be slowed down to 1:0.3, usually from 1:0.15 to 1:0.25.