挡土墙是指支承路基填土或山坡土体、防止填土或土体变形失稳的构造物。
Retaining wall is a kind of structure that supports subgrade fill or hillside soil and prevents deformation and instability of fill or soil.
▉ 各部分的名称
▉ name of each part
在挡土墙横断面中，与被支承土体直接接触的部位称为墙背；
In the cross section of the retaining wall, the part directly contacting with the supported soil is called the back of the wall;
与墙背相对的、临空的部位称为墙面；
The part opposite to the back of the wall is called the wall;
与地基直接接触的部位称为基底；
The part in direct contact with the foundation is called the base;
与基底相对的、墙的顶面称为墙顶；
The top of the wall opposite to the base is called the top of the wall;
基底的前端称为墙趾；
The front end of the base is called the toe of the wall;
基底的后端称为墙踵。
The back end of the base is called the heel.
路基在遇到下列情况时可考虑修建挡土墙
Retaining wall can be considered when the subgrade meets the following conditions
1. 陡坡地段；
1. Steep slope section;
2. 为避免大量挖方及降低边坡高度的路堑地段；
2. In order to avoid a lot of excavation and reduce the height of the slope of the cutting section;
3. 可能产生塌方、滑坡的不良地质地段；
3. Unfavorable geological sections that may cause landslides and landslides;
4. 高填方地段；
4. High fill section;
5. 水流冲刷严重或长期受水浸泡的沿河路基地段；
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6. 为节约用地、减少拆迁或者少占用农田的地段；
6. In order to save land, reduce demolition or occupation of farmland;
7. 为保护重要建筑物、生态环境或其他特殊需要的地段。
7. To protect important buildings, ecological environment or other special needs.